Communication Technology and Canadian Identity Essay

Communication Technology and Canadian Identity Introduction We are in the middle of a global information revolution driven by the rise and convergence of information and communication technologies. The telecommunications sector is changing at warp speed, driven by technological innovation that results in new fragmenting and regionalizing entity. I will examine some of the many forms of cultural fragmentation that take place due to the structure of Canada’s mass media industry. First I will discuss in general basic information about the Internet being a very strong communication tool and then discuss communication technology in the Canadian context. As well, identify the cultural bonding aspects of communication in Canada such as†¦show more content†¦The Canadian government sees the information highway as a catalyst to help Canadians share information, and to gain an edge in productivity and information industries in global markets. Natural culture is found through the social acts of a country. The participation in this mass media (ie. surfing the net) has allowed almost all Canadians to share their uniqueness and culture. The use of the Internet as a communication tool is extremely important in achieving our nations goals in fields such as education, culture and health care. The Information Highway is a term used to describe the infrastructure of complex technologies and services needed to transport the vast array of databases, images, conversations, multimedia files, and other electronic signals which will carry our economy forward (Canadas Information Highway 94). Major components of this are already present in Canada. What makes Canada unique is the working together of different industries such as the Government and Universities in encouraging and making available services for all Canadian. Distance Learning links students to campuses in different locations. If there are not enough students for a certain program on one campus then students can be linked to other students interested in the same program electronically and the institution can offer the program to all of them. High-speed connections help with such aspects. Virtual Class rooms canShow MoreRelatedThe Implementation Of Media And Communications Policies1672 Words   |  7 Pages Within a few decades, many communication technologies grew from simply new tools that contributed to more efficient communicate to a central aspect of everyday life. These technologies have become â€Å"a culture-building instrument in most societies†(Madojemu, 2015, p. 1). For this reason, there have been a variety of policies put in place to regulate the presence and usage of these technologies. However, there is a tendency for certain forms of communication to receive more attention regarding policiesRead More Identity and C ulture Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pages Every person, or group of people, has an identity and a culture. An ‘identity’ is the image that one project out into the rest of the world, and ‘culture’ is the image which one has of themselves. Countries are no exception; every country over their course of history has created an identity and culture for themselves. It has been said that the worst act one could perform on another would be to strip them of their identity, and deny them of their culture. This is why, in order for a country to becomeRead MoreImpact Of Social Media On Technology1293 Words   |  6 PagesKenil Patel Ward Anders Transition of College 17 August 2015 Impact of social media and technology In today’s technological era, internet has engulfed each and every area of the world. 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According to the Canadian Internet Registration AuthorityRead MoreWere the 20s in Canada Really Roaring?1664 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic, social and political changes really made the 1920s in Canada â€Å"roar†. First of all, Canada was very roaring economically in the 20s because of strong economic growth and prosperity. With the introduction of the assembly line by Henry Ford, Canadian industries flourished. Manufacturing processes were a lot faster, because of the improved work flow and better distribution of labour. These drastically changes sharply improved the productivity in the manufacturing sector, thus companies were ableRead MoreCollaboration Participation And Collaboration Web 2.0 Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesabout their network activities, and even their identities (they can choose to be anonymous, as is the example with one good HR blog or videos on YouTube of dirty toilets in hospitals, create virtual identities or present their actual selves, as Narendra Modi is getting along on YouTube with his Prime Minister s broadcast) 3.Identity Many users of Web 2.0 technologies create virtual identities that may be different to their real life ones. Virtual identities are evident in virtual globes such as SecondRead MoreOrganizational Structures and Systems1453 Words   |  6 Pagesas accountability, authority, responsibility, communication, coordination and collaboration (Sopow, 2007). The six systems are designed to work together as one homogenous unit – each supporting the other – in a web-like fashion. Although these systems are seen to be acting together, there is a more natural affinity between the systems accountability, authority and responsibility as there is a more natural affinity between the systems communication, coordination and collaboration. These â€Å"systemsRead MoreNew Media Influence in Indegenous Communities945 Words   |  4 PagesIndigenous people groups over the world have been influenced by the presentation of advances of remote societies for several years. Some hav e not incredibly changed their lifestyles, while others have totally changed identities toward one self, whole social orders and perspectives. Current advances, particularly telecommunication and machine innovations, permit indigenous assemblies to partake in the bigger social orders and economies around them. These innovations likewise, empower them to saveRead MoreBeing Bilingual Consist Of Two Cultures And Two Languages,1370 Words   |  6 PagesBeing bilingual consist of two cultures and two languages, it builds into self identity. Spanish and English in America is seen as an advantage, and in Mexico it is seen as unique and educated. Due to past experience as a child and now as a young adult, I have seen both the disadvantages and advantages of being bilingual in the United States. Bilingual children in America are usually children of Mexican immigrants who learn no perfect Spanish, what they know is taught by their (most likely) uneducatedRead MoreThe Social Location That Sur rounding My Education Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesIntertesting axes of privilege, domination, and oppression (Diller, Houston, Morgan, Ayim, 1996). I am Caucasian, twenty-three-years-old, I solely speak English and I am heterosexual. I was born and raised in Canada, I continue to engage in Canadian culture and follow Canadian tradition. I was raised a catholic and although I do not practice religion, Catholicism influences my decisions and morals. These ascribed and socialized characteristics are privileges in this social location. Aspects considered oppressors

Public Outcry and Acceptance to Darwins theory of Evolution

On Thursday 24 November 1859, Charles Darwin published and made available to the western world his magnum opus, On the Origin of Species, a compilation of some twenty plus years of research regarding the human biology and its advancement. Darwin proposed in Origins that all life slowly evolved, biologically mutated over a period of time, to its present day form. Expanding on prior research in the field of genetics, Darwin theorized a survival of the fittest complex which forced basic animals to evolve new advanced traits to survive in their respective environments, in the process theorizing that humans also evolved from lesser creatures. Darwins theory of evolution was meet with critical response, mainly negative, at the time of its†¦show more content†¦Despite such attacks on the premise of evolution, many readers of Darwins theory rose in defense of the subject. Evolution discredited due to it lacking presentable physical evidence was rebutted in the form of recalling prev ious theories, once thought illegitimate because of lack of evidence, such as the Heliocentric theory, or the theory of the law of attraction of gravity, these theories, while initially difficult to prove nonetheless turned out to be completely factual (The Religious Aspect of Darwinism 1). Also drawing from this rebuttal, defenders of evolution could easily questioned why one would choose to believe in the word of the bible, despite also having no presentable evidence and even more eccentric tales, than that of evolution. One could not readily attack evolution based on arguments of lacking proper evidence and evolution relying solely on hypothetical means, without being a hypocrite to their own creeds. It seemed that rather than solid rebuttal to the theory of evolution, initial negative responses were relying on biased attacks, likely inspired by personal disapproval of the theory. Published in the Milwaukee Sentential, was a letter representing defenders of Darwin, which stated, he [attackers to Darwin] avows and recognizes the all prevalent sentiments of truth...swayed by an Omnipotent power which defies analysis and passesShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

Technology in the 21st Century Free Essays

If you think back 10 or 20 years ago, you may wonder how we ever did some of the things we are able to now. Technology shapes our society in a number of different ways. Before the invention of the internet, there wasn’t email. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology in the 21st Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people in the business world communicate solely with email and without it, they are lost. Have you ever lost your internet connection or networking device? You are literally stuck in a mess and have no idea what to do. Think back the first cell phones that were available, before the days of text messaging and blue tooth. Technology is essential in our society in order to grow and move toward the future. With the rising technology, a lot of issues have been done that have remained to be puzzle to many living in the twenty first century. This has further triggered a debate on the appropriate definition of the term technology. With others criticizing technology, most proponents of technology have suggested that technology refers to the employing the use of a variety of tools and approaches in the finding or deriving at possible solutions to certain problems. Technology has been associated with a variety of negative events that befell mankind and other creatures existing in the universe. However, the benefits have greatly surpassed the negatives associated with technology. Technology has played an immense part towards influencing the lifestyles of the present generation. In a particular, the emergence of internet services has given a great boost to the business industry. With it, We have the ability to shape the world we live in. The inventions we create allow us to transform our environment, explore the stars, connect societies across the world, and even extend our lifespan. The invention of the computer has brought economic and social change to the world. So what does the future of technology hold for our society? The possibilities are literally endless. Some of the key factors the government is working on surrounds information technology. With all the new innovations in technology, some people learn how to corrupt and abuse it. Protecting our individual privacy has become so important due to overwhelming cases of fraud and identity theft. The internet allows us to input personal information online for practically anyone to see. Social networking sites have become so popular that undercover policemen have stepped in to protect eople from rapists, murders, and pedophiles. There are tools and practices that exist to allow individuals control over their personal information, but it is not enough. Web site hacking goes along with individual privacy, but it impacts the future of several businesses. Government leaders are looking for ways to create a safe, secure and reliable computing environment for businesses and individuals. Protecting our children from inappropriate content is another popular topic among several businesses and government agencies. While the personal computer and the internet have revolutionized education, they have also opened the doors for exploration by curious children. Technology has allowed countries across the world to connect and interact without having to fly thousands of miles to communicate with each other. Governments and industries are able to communicate and work together towards the future. This allows successful countries to communicate with other countries who lack essential resources and help them find ways to combat their challenges. Digital information can be sent with the click of a button. Software, books, music and video files can be easily distributed to anyone, anywhere. For users, this is beneficial because for no cost, they can share videos of their new baby being born to their family who lives across the country. Of course, the government has had to step in to protect property rights of individuals to ensure that nothing is being digitally stolen. We should look at technology at the gateway to the future. The possibilities of what we can create are endless. Even as we have challenges with technology, we are still able to see amazing things come from it. Technology plays a critical role in our society. Creating technology that is secure and trustworthy is the future. Several companies are working together to achieve this goal and to help our society move forward. Technologies arise to satisfy our wants and needs, this is how society and technology shape the future for one another. As individuals, we are in control of the future. We should dream big and start finding ways to make our dreams into reality. How to cite Technology in the 21st Century, Essay examples

Counseling and Psychotherapy

Question: Discuss about theCounseling and Psychotherapy. Answer: Introduction: In psychological term, counseling is one of the most prevalent interventions for resolving clients psychological issues. As the process is based on the mental health care and deals with mental health related issues, the counselor or the psychiatrist should have some specific skills, needed for dealing with these kinds of clients. These skills are very important for establishing a good relationship with the client, which is the key step in the counseling therapy. In this assignment, I am going to evaluate my own skills and associated performance, while dealing a client. In addition, before initiating the process, I will assess the background information of the client briefly. It helps to plan the effective way of establishing the therapeutic relationship with the client. Here, the client is facing some money issue, as he has lend a huge amount of money from banks as well as his friends and unable to pay back. Through the counseling, his frustration can be reduced. Initially, I have planned the counseling session by using the checklist of a counseling process. Here, I have planned to limit the first session within 30 minutes. As it is the first session, the aim of the session will be to listen carefully, recognize and understand clients issues. Before that, I need to introduce myself and ask his permission for participating in this counseling session. This is very important step for giving the client value and respect. According to Van Deurzen (2012), the session should follow the basic five stage of a successful counseling process, including empathic relationship, story and strength, goals, restory and action. I have tried to follow these five basic steps in my counseling process with the client. While going through these basic and essential steps of the counseling process, I have applied my skills and expertise to make the process successful. After meeting the client, initially, I greet him and introduced myself to him. It is very important to build a good rapport with the client. Here, I have used my effective communication skills for attending the client. I have demonstrated such essential skills including tracking, monitoring, attentive listening, pacing and empathizing. I have included some essential tools in my counseling process, such as informed consent, self-disclosure, reflecting clients feelings, paraphrasing and using the therapeutic metaphors. In this context, I have reviewed the counseling checklist first, for ensuring that I am not undertaking any wrong step for my client. Initially, after introducing myself, I took my clients consent and then asked him about his issues. I allowed my client to express his views, by cooperating with him through empathic listening. Here, I explored my excellent listening skills. While listening to his issues, I have used paraphrasing skills, for making him feel that I am givin g value to his words. It helps to build his confidence and make him easy to feel free to say, whatever he wants. I revealed that my client is very much depressed about his loss of money and he wants to share his issue with someone, as he feels relaxed, while telling his feelings to someone. The first step of the 5 stage counseling process is the establishment of empathic relationship with the client, for which showing empathy is very important (Manthei, 2012). While listening to my clients issues, I have used the terms, ok, oh! Dear, I see, I am feeling sorry for that, I understand and wow. These words assured the client that I am trying to understand his situation, instead of identifying his faults like others in his community. It helped him to express his further views with more confidence. In this way, he accomplished my views. In the next step, the in-depth story of the client is assessed for identifying the key problem or issue of the client. For identifying clients problem, he should be allowed to talk and appreciated, which I have done accordingly. I have appreciated him by telling such sentences I think you have tried to solve this problem from your own end. I have helped him to understand the reason behind this counseling. This critical thinking skill helped him to be motivated and share his issues more precisely (Feltham Horton, 2012). The next step in the counseling process is setting goal for the client. In this context, I have attempted to explore his strengths for his well being. In this counseling, the clients key issue is his unnecessary spending of money and inability of balancing between spending money and returning the earned money back to the resource. Now, as he has already taken a lot of money from more than one bank as well as his friends, he is not able to return the money back to them. As a result, he has lost his close friends and has been isolated. Now, he wants to share his feelings through this counseling, to feel relax. It has been revealed that, through the tough situation, he has tried to return the money taken from different resources. He did all these for purchasing some necessary equipments including camera, computer and others related equipments for photography, as inspired by his boss. Through my critical thinking skill, I have identified that the client has the willing to recover from hi s depressed status and finding the best solution for his problem. It is one of his major strength. From his story, I also revealed that he has lost some of his good relationship, for his inability to return the money within the promised period, which has enhanced his symptoms of depression. Therefore, the key goal of his treatment is to enhance his self-confidence, which can help him to be socialized again. The next step is restorying and planning intervention for him. Here, I have reviewed the goal set for him and discussed his needs through the counseling process. He has highlighted that, some people might want to help, but as he was not able return the money on time, it harmed their friendship, as his friends lost trust on him. I have tried to highlight his strengths through his words. Such as, when he told that he was being desperate, I highlighted what do you mean by desperate? I tactfully highlighted his strengths, that he can do something good by being desperate sometimes, it is not only bad. It will help the client to enhance his self-esteem. The final step is to take action. Based on the clients history and his background, I have set the next appointment with the client in the next week. In the first session, it is better to strengthen the therapeutic relationship by exploring the clients perception and feeling to build trust (Hbert, Caughy Shuval, 2012). My communication skills helped me a lot in this case. I used the paraphrasing skills for encouraging him. I encouraged him to work in some other company to gather his spent money. Emphasizing on her strength, I encouraged him that he is going on the right track and he can clear all his debts soon. He just has to work hard and think positively. I have planned to encourage him for some different work, other than photography, for avoiding the depressive symptoms related to his previous work. It will help to enhance his willingness of work and to reduce frustration. I have assessed the client during the counseling session through my essential counseling skills. From the beginning of the counseling session, I have used my specific skills to establish a good rapport with my client. I have demonstrated a good listening skill, while interacting with him. I have always shown a smiling face in front of my client, to assure him that I am obliged to meet him and listening his problem precisely. Through my observation skill, I have understood his verbal and nonverbal approaches and replied accordingly. I have shown him empathy by addressing his feelings in each step. However, I think I should talk a little more in my next session with the client. I have evaluated this from my performance as I observed that the client was expecting some solution of his issues from me, rather, he wants me to help him by finding the right solution for his money related issues. The third important skill that I have demonstrated was the genuineness and unconditional positive regard. It helped me to establish a good rapport with the client. I have shown respect and supported his views positively. I have utilized my effective communication skills. Based on the clients situation, I have lowered my voice pitch and interact politely with the client. I have used open questions, which is another important skill of mine that helped me to highlight and prioritize his strengths for planning his intervention (Tolan, 2012). Finally, I understood that in the first session, I have successfully established a positive relationship with my client. I have shown respect and dignity towards the client throughout the process, to build up clients self-confidence. However, before conducting the counseling session for the specific client, I made a plan for the first counseling session with the client and reviewed brief background of the client. Then, I have undergone the five basic steps in the counseling process, while evaluating my own essential skills for the counseling. I have assessed my client through his appearance and the way of interaction. My client experienced initial empowerment for attending the next session of the counseling, for sharing his issues with me. Reference List Feltham, C., Horton, I. (2012).The SAGE handbook of counselling and psychotherapy. Sage Publications. Hbert, E. T., Caughy, M. O., Shuval, K. (2012). Primary care providers' perceptions of physical activity counselling in a clinical setting: a systematic review.British Journal of Sports Medicine,46(9), 625-631. Manthei, R. (2012). Counselling effectiveness at a city counselling centre.New Zealand Journal of Counselling,32(1), 37-55. Nelson-Jones, R. (2015).Basic counselling skills: a helper's manual. Sage. Tolan, J. (2012).Skills in Person-centred counselling psychotherapy. Sage Publications. Van Deurzen, E. (2012).Existential counselling psychotherapy in practice. Sage.

Origin and insertions for shoulder muscles Flashcard

Origin and insertions for shoulder muscles

Make Baking Soda Stalactites and Stalagmites

Make Baking Soda Stalactites and Stalagmites Stalactites and stalagmites are large crystals which grow in caves. Stalactites grow down from the ceiling, while stalagmites grow up from the ground. The worlds largest stalagmite is 32.6 meters long, located in a cave in Slovakia. Make your own stalagmites and stalactites using baking soda. Its an easy, non-toxic crystal project. Your crystals wont be as big as the Slovakian stalagmite, but they will only take a week to form, instead of thousands of years! Baking Soda Stalactite Stalagmite Materials 2 glasses or jars1 plate or saucer1 Spoon2 Paper ClipsHot Tap WaterPiece of Yarn, about a meter longBaking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)Food Coloring (optional) If you dont have baking soda, but you can substitute a different crystal-growing ingredient, such as sugar or salt. If you want your crystals to be colored, add some food coloring to your solutions. You might even try adding two different colors to the different containers, just to see what you get. Grow Stalactites and Stalagmites Fold your yarn in half. Fold it in half again and twist it together tightly. My yarn is colored acrylic yarn, but ideally, you want a more porous natural material, such as cotton or wool. Uncolored yarn would be preferable if you are coloring your crystals, since many types of yarn bleed their colors when wet.Attach a paper clip to either end of your twisted yarn. The paper clip will be used to hold the ends of the yarn in your liquid while the crystals are growing.​Set a glass or jar on either side of a small plate.​Insert the ends of the yarn, with the paper clips, in the glasses. Position the glasses so that there is a slight dip (catenary) in the yarn over the plate.Make a saturated baking soda solution (or sugar or whatever). Do this by stirring baking soda into hot tap water until you get so much added that it stops dissolving. Add food coloring, if desired. Pour some of this saturated solution into each jar. You may wish to wet the string to start the stalagmite/ stalactite formation process. If you have leftover solution, keep it in a closed container and add it to the jars when needed. At first, you may need to keep an eye on your saucer and dump liquid back into one jar or another. If your solution is really concentrated, this will be less of a problem. Crystals will start to appear on the string in a couple of days, with stalactites growing down from the yarn toward the saucer in about a week and stalagmites growing up from the saucer toward the string somewhat later. If you need to add more solution to your jars, be sure that it is saturated, or else you will risk dissolving some of your present crystals. The crystals in the photos are my baking soda crystals after three days. As you can see, crystals will grow from the sides of the yarn before they develop stalactites. After this point, I started to get good downward growth, which eventually connected to the plate and grew up. Depending on the temperature and rate of evaporation, your crystals will take more or less time to develop.

Marketing Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Research - Assignment Example The recent trend to consume low fat or sugar-free products has been largely observed among the consumers. The interest of the consumers to eat healthy foods is a passing craze among the majority of the population globally. Product appraisal is an effective measure of identifying the specific sensory attributes that are associated with new products introduced in the market segments in order to satisfy consumers and meet their products’ expectation (Walker, 2002). Based on the extensive role of the carbohydrates in human nutrition, the health professionals have been recommending a reduction of the total intake of fat foods. Moreover, the present fad of calorie control in order to reduce the chances of obesity has been acting as a catalyst to increase the sale of products with low fat contents (Lauritzen, n.d.). The assignment elaborates on market research and market trends following a detailed analysis of the secondary sources in relation to the recent trend of consumers in opting for low-fat products in the UK market segments. Depending on the analysis of the UK market, figures and trends related to the subject topic are detailed on the basis of development of market and product mix. The report collected would help the market researcher in making efficient decisions based on which appropriate recommendations are made for effective business performances on a long-term and short-term basis. The market researcher of the marketing department of a UK supermarket chain has conducted a secondary research with the aim of obtaining adequate information about product mix that are demanded in the UK market segments. The recent trend of the UK market suggests a huge shift in the tastes and the preferences of the consumer in relation to health diets and low fat products. The shift in the general trend of consumption depicts an impending need of

Business informal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business informal report - Essay Example The society has experienced great loss to the fact that the museum presently does not have a section for Greek mythology. This is due to the fact that the foundation of modern society is mainly based on the Ancient Greek civilization (Dowden 46). The civilization includes Greek literature and mythology (Hard 131). A section on Greek mythology particularly Pelops should be opened. It is true from my analysis that the knowledge about the history of Greek help to realize the need for opening a section of the museum. With the knowledge in history about the Greek mythology the manager will be convinced that Greek mythology is important for the museum. The manager will be convinced that the Greek mythology and its traditions are relevant in today’s time (Dowden 48). Greek mythology at the museum can be presented by the case for Pelops (Edinger & Deborah 152). Many visitors will be interested to know much in Pelop’s life. The birth of Pelop, his apprenticeship to Poseidon, his being served to the gods by his father, his fatal curse, his love among others can be presented in the museum (Edinger & Deborah 153). One of my recommendations that I derived after the study is that the manager should undertake performance and plan for the development of the museum. Besides, the executive manager will regularly need ideas that will attract more visitors to the museum (Hard 129). The knowledgeable about history, geography and science equips individuals on the importance and ways of opening a section of the museum. The manager should also be attentive to suggestions that are put forward logically in order to develop fruitful ideas. Evidently, the creation of a section of the museum can be made possible when the executive manager take an action. The manager should gather more ideas and information on the various ways of creating up the section. I will be very happy to realize that the section

Globalization, as the world has experienced it since the 1970s, has Assignment

Globalization, as the world has experienced it since the 1970s, has been rooted in neoliberal policy. Discuss alternative frame - Assignment Example As Jessop notes, neoliberal doctrine emerged as a dominant ideological force due to the convergence of progressive trends of economic internationalization, the apparent failure of Keynesian welfare state, East Asian developmentalism and Soviet model of central planning; and the emergence of new social forces brought about by the former developments (Jessop 105). The neoliberal theorists seem to proceed from the same assumptions that social liberals take for granted; they proclaim their commitment to a basic right of individual autonomy and assert that the basis of modern society should consist of wide variety of voluntary associations independent from the state control. Nevertheless, neoliberals take the common idea of all liberal thinkers about the necessity of expansion of market economy (Jessop 106) to its extreme limits, arguing that all social relations should be evaluated from the point of their compatibility with the freedom of market transactions. This includes an emphasis on deregulation of the financial markets both in domestic and international spheres; the ideological commitment to the curtailment of state intervention in the capitalist market economy; the introduction of the principle of market efficiency into the sphere of public welfare; and the commitment for the privatization of public enterprises and services (Jessop 107). The cities and city regions are especially affected by the neoliberal project of globalization. The dramatic restructuring of urban communities that began in the 1970s to 1980s led to the increasing marginalization of the relatively numerous swathes of the urban population caused by the drastic rise in unemployment (Swyngedouw, Moulaert, and Rodriguez

Analysis Of Noun Phrase In English And Vietnamese Education Essay

Analysis Of Noun Phrase In English And Vietnamese Education Essay Noun phrases as well as other phrases play an important role in mastering any language. Without noun phrase, there would have no agents, no patients, and no recipients. Additionally, no matter how wide our vocabulary may be, a single word is often insufficient in expressing our thought.. A contrastive analysis between English and Vietnamese is necessary and interesting for teaching and studying. Almost every language has noun phrases, however, despite having the same basic structure, they have some differences..This study aims to explore internal and external structure of English and Vietnamese noun phrases then make a comparison between two kinds of NP as well as suggest some teaching implications. I hope through this assignment, both I and the readers will learn something helpful which can apply to English teaching and learning. Noun phrase in English Definitions : Le (2002) defined noun phrase (NP) as a group of words beginning with a noun and functioning appositive. This NP often goes right before or right after the noun it expresses. Ex: A victim of war, he hated the sight of soldiers. (A victim of war = he) According to L.H.Nguyen (2004), a NP is a group of words with a noun or pronoun as the main part (the head). In his book Analyzing English, Jackson added some more deal about the head which is the minimal requirement for the occurrence of a noun phrase. Despite the NP is in simple form such as students or in complex form such as the story about the girl who used to live there, it must have a noun or pronoun expressing the main idea. Structure : Basically, a noun phrase consists of 3 main parts : Pre Modification, Head, Post Modification. But in some complex NPs, we can see that the Pre Modification may contain other elements. Based on the theory of NP in the book Analyzing English by Howard Jackson, we have a detailed formula of NP as following : Pre Modification Head Post Modification Pre determiner (A) Identifiers (B) Numeral/Quantifier (C) Adjectives (D) Noun modifier (E) N/pro (F) Relative clauses, non-finite clause, prepositional phrase, adjectives, adverbs. (G) Table 1 : The structure of a NP in English Now, we will go into details of the structure of a NP. Pre Modification This part basically has 5 elements as shown in the above table. The first element is pre-determiners. They are a small group of words which may occur before the identifier in a NP. They also have quantifier reference (all, both, half, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦); fraction numerals (one-third, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Next element is identifiers. This element includes articles (a, an, the); demonstrative (this, that, these, those); possessives (my, your, his,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). But there is one thing we should pay attention. In any NP, just only one identifier may occur, it means that articles, demonstrative and possessives are mutually exclusive. We cant say that my house but if we use of-phrase with the possessive pronoun, we can express that NP in another way that book of mine. In some NPs such as five cats, several books, the pre modification here is numeral (five) or quantifier(several). Also, sometimes, we can see the combination of these two elements in some NPs. The frequent sequences are ordinal numeral (especially first and last ) + indefinite quantifier ( eg the first few hours), ordinal + cardinal (eg the second five days), indefinite quantifier + cardinal numeral, especially round number (eg several thousand people) (Nguyen, 2004, p. 44). To amplify the head noun in some way, the next element, adjectives, come after the identifier and numerals/quantifiers. However, in case that several adjectives co-occur in a NP, there is a rule for their order. epithet Size shape age colour origin substance present participle charming Small round old brown French oaken writing table Table 2 : The adjective order The last element is noun modifiers which come between the adjectives and the head noun. As we can see, nouns may function not only as heads of NP but also modifiers in NP. For example, in NP a children book, children modifies book and a children book means a book for children. Beside 5 basic elements mentioned above, there is one further kind of pre-modification that is NP in genitive case. This kind is marked by an s added to the its final word (eg my friend s bicycle). Head : The most usual kind of head of NP is noun, but in some NPs such as She is my best friend, the head may be a pronoun of some kind, usually a personal pronoun (he, she, youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Similarly, Jacobs (1995) stated that many NPs in English are single forms consisting perhaps just of a noun or a pronoun. When the head is a pronoun, it doesnt need any modification, especially the pre-modification. Kinds of pronoun functioning as the head Examples Personal pronoun He, she, you, they, we, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Indefinite pronoun Someone, something, nobody,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Possessive pronoun His, her, your, their,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Demonstrative pronoun This, that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Table 3 : Kinds of pronoun functioning as the head of NP Post-modification This part is most frequently followed by phrases or clauses. Three kinds of phrasal/clausal post-modification we often see is: relative clauses, non-finite clauses, and prepositional phrases, sometimes we also see an adjective or an adverb functioning as a post-modifier in NP (Jackson, p.15). A relative clause consists of a relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that, whose,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) as a head, which mentions back to the head noun of NP. If the relative pronouns function is object in the relative clause, we can omit that relative pronoun. Non-finite clause is clause usually without subjects introduced by a non-finite form of the verb. That kind of clause include 3 kinds : infinite clause, present participle clause, past participle. In a NP, prepositional phrase occurs most frequently functioning as post-modifier. Some examples: All the schools in town A B F G (prepositional phrase) The last few days B C C F Dong Bang Shin Ki, my favourite music band. F G (appositive NP) My noisy 4-year-old white Siamese cat B epithet age colour F This mischievous tax collectors grabbing hand NP Genitive D F The Korea history which has just been published. B D F G (relative clause) Something important to do F (indefinite pro) G (adjectives) G (non-finite clause) The girl behind you B F G (adverb) Two horses eating grass. A F G (non-finite clause : present participle) A theme song composed by Lee So Man B E F G (non-finite clause : past participle) One-third of the population A B F Noun phrase in Vietnamese Definitions : Mai, Vu and Hoang (2006) defined NP (danh ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯) is a phrase in which the noun function as the main part. Also, NP in the theory of Doan, Nguyen, Pham (2001) is a free combination of a noun nucleus and one or more than one subordinate elements which can be front elements standing before the nucleus noun or can be end elements standing after the nucleus noun. Structure : As a phrase, NP in Vietnamese also has three main parts : Pre-Modification (Front Element), Head (Nucleus), Post-Modification (End Element). More detailed, according to Mai et al. s theory (pp. 276-280), the structure of NP in Vietnamese can be described as following : Tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng Cà ¡i con mà ¨o Ä‘en à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y (-3) (-2) (-1) Head noun (0) (1) (2) Table 4 : The structure of a NP in Vietnamese Front elements As we can see from the table, the elements in the position (-3), (-2) and (-1) are called front elements, while the elements standing after the nucleus (1) and (2) are called end elements. Those elements are placed in a stable way as shown in the above table. In terms of the front elements , we have three kinds. In the position (-1), quantifiers such as tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £, tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £y, hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £y, hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £, cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.are used. Those words can occur before: definite numerals : mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t, hai, ba, bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ex : tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn mÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡i sinh vià ªn (1) collective nouns : Ä‘Ã  n, lÃ…Â ©, bà ³, bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢, nà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯m, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Ex: cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ lÃ…Â © con trai general nouns : quà ¡Ã‚ ºn, à ¡o, binh, là ­nh, xe cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢, mà ¡y mà ³c,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ex: hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £y mà ¡y mà ³c Lets pay attention to the quantifiers such as tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £, tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £y, hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £y, hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £, cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.From the examples above, we can see that such those quantifiers occur before the head noun. Now, taking the first example, is it right if we say it in such a way bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn mÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡i sinh vià ªn tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ ? Actually, in terms of grammar, it is correct but the meaning is different. The NP tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn mÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡i sinh vià ªn means that no students are left, but in bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn mÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡i sinh vià ªn tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £, there are some students left. So, we can conclude that tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ can stand before and after the head noun depending on the speakers attention. Diep Quang Ban (2000) stated that position (-2) is the place taken by word class as following : Definite numeral/ cardinal number (tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ° sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ lÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng xà ¡c Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹nh/sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «) Mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t, hai, ba, bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn, mÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i, trăm à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. MÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i con mà ¨o Estimate quantifier (tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ° sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ phà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹nh) Và  i, và  i ba, dăm, mÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡i, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ và  i ba khà ¡ch hà  ng Allocating words (tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « hà  m à ½ phà ¢n phà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi) Mà ¡Ã‚ »-i, mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t, tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «ng,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Mà ¡Ã‚ »-i cà ´ng dà ¢n Articles (quà ¡n tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «) Nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng, cà ¡c, mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t,.. Nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng bà ¡c sÄ © Word mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y Mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y con gà   nà  y Table 5: the position (-2) in a NP in Vietnamese However, we should pay attention that such elements as và  i, và  i ba, dăm,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ can not co-exist with the quantifiers such as tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £, tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £y, hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £y, hà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £, cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ in the position (-3). In terms of the position (-1), Diep Quang Ban (2000) stated that it is taken by the deictic word cà ¡i (tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ° xuà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t) in order to emphasize things mentioned in the head noun. However, sometimes, cà ¡i is replaced by another deictic word such as con in NP con ngÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y. In Vietnamese NP, cà ¡i occurs before the head noun and can intervene between a numeral (if there is one) and the classifier or a measure phrase. It may be preceded by other pre-noun modifiers such as quantifiers, numerals, and articles. It must always co-occur with a classifier as in ba cà ¡i cuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢n len kia or ba cà ¡i thà ¹ng nÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc nà  y. Besides, cà ¡i is sometimes mistaken with the homonymous classifier cà ¡i, but its different from classifier cà ¡i as well as other classifiers in term of distribution and function. When cà ¡i precedes a count noun, the use of a classifier is obligatory, as shown in (a). How ever, cà ¡i cannot be used before the homonymous classifier as shown in (b) ba cà ¡i cuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢n len (correct) ba cà ¡i cà ¡i chà ©n (incorrect) Usually, with the presence of the deictic word, the noun is demonstrative like nà  y, kia, à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.(eg: cà ¡i thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng nhà ³c nà  y) . But, in spoken language, we often see that the demonstratives are omitted, like cà ¡i thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng nhà ³c. The nucleus (head noun) : According to Dinh Dien (n.d), the nucleus (position (0)) may be a noun(boy, teacher, cat, houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) or a combination between a classifier (danh tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « chà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ° loà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i) and the head noun such as con ngÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i, quyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n sà ¡ch, mà ¡y sà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y. Otherwise, the head noun may be a classifier followed by a descriptive free word cluster (tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £p tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ± do mià ªu tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £) such as hai ngÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i Ä‘ang ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i nà ³i chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng kia, nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c bà  n hà ´m bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a Additionally, words which are not nouns can also be the head due to the speaking habit of Vietnamese. For example, we can shorten the NP hai cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc cà   phà ª Ä‘en into the NP hai Ä‘en. Some Vietnamese classifiers are commonly used: cà ¡i  : used for most inanimate objects (cà ¡i bà  n, cà ¡i ghà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿,..) con: usually for animals and children (con bà ©), but can be used to describe some inanimate objects (con dao, con Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng) bà  i: used for compositions like songs, drawings, poems, essays, etc (bà  i thÆ ¡, bà  i hà ¡t,..) cà ¢y: used for stick-like objects (cà ¢y phÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng, cà ¢y sà ºng,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) tà ²a: buildings of authority: courts, halls, ivory towers (tà ²a nhà  ,..) quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £/trà ¡i: used for globular objects (quà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ chuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi, trà ¡i Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t,..) quyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n/cuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn: used for book-like objects (cuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn sà ¡ch, quyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡p chà ­,..) tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ : sheets and other thin objects made of paper (tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  già ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y, tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  bà ¡o,..) là ¡: smaller sheets of paper (là ¡ thÆ ¡, là ¡ bà  i,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c: an event or an ongoing process (vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c kinh doanh, vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) End elements: Doan et al. classified the end elements in terms of part of speech, structure, way of connection, order of some elements. c.1) In terms of part of speech : noun là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºp ngoà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ verb là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºp giao tià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿p adjective là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºp Ä‘Ã ´ng cardinal numeral là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºp 4 noun of place là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºp trà ªn là ¡Ã‚ ºu noun of time là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºp buà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢i tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi pronoun là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºp cà ¡Ã‚ »a tà ´i Table 6 : The end elements in Vietnamese NP in terms of part of speech c.2) In terms of structure: A principal accessory phrase: sà ¡ch văn hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¹ A coordinated phrase: sà ¡ch nghe và   nà ³i A S-V phrase: sà ¡ch mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¹ tà ´i và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «a mua c.3) In terms of way of connection: Direct ways ( eg: tinh thà ¡Ã‚ ºn thà ©p, mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯t bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å" cà ¢uà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Indirect ways (eg : bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ phim mà   anh thà ­ch, bà  i vià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿t mà   tà ´i và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «a hoà  n thà  nh) c.4) In terms of the following order: The nucleus Æ’Â   A Æ’Â  B (a, b, c, d) Æ’Â  C A B C goes with the nucleus to form a phrase (a compound noun) describes the characteristics of the object that the nucleus mentioned Ex: phà ²ng khà ¡ch rà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢ng, bà  n là  m vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c sang trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. demonstrative pronouns such as nà  y, à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y, Ä‘Ã ³Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a b C d a noun, a verb or an adjective và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  + noun or bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng + noun cà ¡Ã‚ »a + noun or à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ + noun Clauses Table 6 : The end elements in Vietnamese NP in terms of some elements order. Something about demonstratives may cause you misunderstanding if we arrange them in different order. For example, compare two NPs vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y cà ¡Ã‚ »a anh and vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c cà ¡Ã‚ »a anh à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y, we can see the difference in meaning here due to our speaking intonation. In the first NP, if we speak with a flat intonation, we can understand it as his work, whereas, if we speak with a raising intonation at à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y in the second NP, it can be understood that its your work, not others work. Some examples : Tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng cà ¡i và ¡y Ä‘en bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng jeans à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ shop Cass mà   cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­u (-1) (-2) (-3) (0) (1) (aÆ’Â  bÆ’Â  cÆ’Â  d) thÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y Ä‘Ã ³ (2) b) Ä Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng Ä‘ua sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ 2 à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc mà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ·t (Diep, 2000, p. 60) (0) (1) ( cardinal numberÆ’Â  c) c) Nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng nhà ³c nghà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ch ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £m à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y (-2) (0) (1) (adjective) (2) d) Sà  n nhà   chi mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi lau (0) (1) (S-V phrase) e) Cà ¡i cuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡p chà ­ à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ trà ªn kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ Ä‘Ã ³ (-1) (0) (1) (c) (2) A comparison of English NP and Vietnamese NP From what we discuss above about the NP in English and Vietnamese, we can see that both of them have a basic structure : pre-modification, head, post-modification. . However, there are still some differences between them. We will discuss some remarkable similarities and differences in the positions of pre-modification and post-modification in English and Vietnamese NP. Firstly, in both English and Vietnamese NP, quantifier, numerals, fractions stand before the head noun. (a) All those old chairs Quantifier head noun (b) Several thousand people numeral head noun (c) One-third of my students fraction head noun (a) Tà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥t cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £ nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng cà ¡i ghà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿ cÃ…Â © Ä‘Ã ³ quantifier head noun adjective (b) Và  i ngà  n ngÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i numeral head noun (c) Mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t phà ¡Ã‚ ºn ba sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c sinh cà ¡Ã‚ »a tà ´i fraction head noun Secondly, demonstrative, ordinal numbers, possessives come before the head noun in English but after the head noun in Vietnamese. That large brick house demonstrative head noun The second tour to Korea ordinal number head noun My favourite spicy food possessive head noun (a) Ngà ´i nhà   bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng gà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡ch to là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºn Ä‘Ã ³ head noun demonstrative (b) Chuyà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n du là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ch thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ © hai Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n Hà  n Quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc head noun ordinal number (c) Thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©c ăn cay yà ªu thà ­ch cà ¡Ã‚ »a tà ´i head noun possessive Thirdly, in terms of adjectives, we put them in front of the head noun in English NP but in Vietnamese, we put them after the head noun. Ex : cà ¡i bà  n mà  u nà ¢u là  m bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng gà ¡Ã‚ »- xoà  i head noun. adjectives A brown oaken table. adjectives head noun. However, in some cases, adjectives come after the head noun in English NP such as something strange, somebody brave,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Additionally, the order of adjectives modifiers in English is rather fixed (epithet, size, shape, age, colour, origin, substance, present participle) whereas that in Vietnamese NP may be exchanged, based on the speakers attention. For example, in English, we just have only one order a pretty blue skirt but when we say in Vietnamese, there are 2 ways mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿c và ¡y mà  u xanh da trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i xinh xà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯n and mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿c và ¡y xinh xà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯n mà  u xanh da trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i. Moreover, in English NP, the occurrence of nouns and determiners is obligatory but optional in Vietnamese NP. So, if we translate the phrase cuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn sà ¡ch trà ªn bà  n into Vietnamese, it will be book on table. Is it right? As you see, the true phrase should be the book on the table . In Vietnamese, classifiers are generally obligatory in numerated NP whereas in English, we dont normally use classifiers before nouns, except some special words a pair of shoes, a loaf of bread à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. EX: In English, we say two books but in Vietnamese, we say hai cuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœn sà ¡ch. The next difference I want to mention is the position of noun modifiers. In English NP, they come before a head noun but in Vietnamese, they come after the head noun. Nevertheless, in some cases in Vietnamese, noun modifiers precedes the head noun (eg mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t thi nhà ¢n, mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  thà ¡Ã‚ »,..) A ballet class A package tour A summer campaign (a) Mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºp ba là ª (b) Chuyà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n du là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ch trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ n gà ³i (c) chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n dà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ch mà ¹a hà ¨ Last but not least, sometimes there are some ambiguous structures that cause us confused. In Vietnamese, what comes into peoples mind first is spoken first is the common rule, which is also a natural order of peoples thinking (Dinh, n.d, p. 11). Lets take a NP as an example. How many ways you can say the English NP a new Korean leather coat ? We have mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t cà ¡i à ¡o khoà ¡c mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng là ´ng thà º cà ¡Ã‚ »a Hà  n Quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc or mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t cà ¡i à ¡o khoà ¡c Hà  n Quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng là ´ng thà º mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi and mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t cà ¡i à ¡o khoà ¡c bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±ng là ´ng thà º Hà  n Quà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœc mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi. It seems that in the English NP, the position of pre-modifiers and post-premodifiers are not so free and flexible as that in Vietnamese NP Implication in English teaching and learning Learners of English may have some difficulties such as how to translate from English into Vietnamese and vice versa due to the differences in the position of pre-modifiers and post-modifiers we have just mentioned above (for example: mà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢t quyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™n sà ¡ch hay a book good or a book interesting. They may also be in trouble with the order of the adjectives in a rather long noun phrase with many adjectives. Which adjective come first? Which one will come next? Where should we put those adjectives. Vietnamese students may find it difficult to remember all the positions due to the habit of placing the adjectives after the head noun and using them flexibly. Knowing clearly about English NP and Vietnamese NP, especially the differences as well as the common mistakes that Vietnamese learners often meet will help the teachers guide their students correctly. In other words, learners can know their mistakes from the beginning so that they can find it easy to learn English later, especially grammar. Based on the knowledge of English NP and Vietnamese NP, the teachers also design the tasks for students to consolidate and practice knowledge of phrases and sentences in both two languages. Conclusion In conclusion, although NP in English and Vietnamese has the same basic structure (pre-modification, head, post-modification), they are not the same in the word order of pre-modification and post-modification. These differences are caused by the dissimilarity in thinking and speaking habit of English and Vietnamese. As a student as well as a teacher-to-be, this research helps me a lot. When doing this assignment, I have a chance to consolidate my knowledge of both English and Vietnamese and know something new and helpful. With what I learn from this research, I will apply to my study and teaching career.

Love in the Male Dominated Society of the 1800s in Hawthornes Rappaccinis Daughter :: Rappaccinis Daughter Essays

Love in the Male Dominated Society of the 1800's in Hawthorne's Rappaccini's Daughter "Rappaccini's Daughter" is a strange tale, kind of an early pseudo-scientific short story, that focuses on the life of Beatrice and her bizarre nature. The result of a twisted experiment, she must find happiness within the walls of a garden her father has created for her. Although her life depends on a fatal poison, she defines her soul as "God's creation, and craves love as its daily food" (2131). This paradox creates a powerful story as the mortal Giovanni falls in love with the deadly Beatrice. Insane love and harsh words end the story with the climactic suicide of a heartbroken girl. I saw this situation as being analogous to women's rights at the time. "Rappaccini's Daughter" was published in 1844, women couldn't vote in the USA until around 1920. This story was written in a time when women were generally victimized by the society they lived in. Rappaccini purposely introduces his only daughter to a poison filled, solitary life in the name of love. As he "spends his life in achieving a picture" (2131) Rappaccini forgets about the "miserable doom" (2132) he has inflicted upon his beloved daughter. This parallels the inflicted miseries women of the nineteenth century endured such as arranged marriages as well as many other paternalistic conditions placed in the name of love or safety. "Rappaccini's Daughter" was written two years after Hawthorne's marriage and during the same year of his first daughter's birth. The strange idea's brought forth in "Rappaccini's Daughter" are more easily seen when his position is put into perspective. As a father he knew that his daughter would be subject to the very restrictions he so skillfully illustrates in "Rappaccini's" as well as in "The Scarlet Letter". Could these stories be the imaginative musings of a frustrated father? Perhaps they were due to his own feelings after becoming a new groom. In either case both stories have a dominating theme of the oppression of women's sexuality, Beatrice's poison being that of society. Harsh consequences befall Rappaccini when he tries to control things he truly cannot, such as love and life. Would the same happen to Hawthorne is sought to exert as much control? The character of Rappaccini exemplifies perfectly the views held towards women in the

Tools of Exploitation Analysis

The film/documentary, titled Tools of Exploitation, chronicles, analyzes and explains Western civilizations influence on African culture/livelihood throughout the period of colonialism (the film covers the slave trade for a brief moment as well) leading to the modern day. Narrated by scholar/author Ali Mazrui, the film focuses on the usurping of Africa’s future potential due to European powers stymying Africa’s growth for their (Western) own gain (hence the name Tools of Exploitation; Africa was exploited for European gain).The film addresses many factors to why this has taken place but focuses mostly on economic reasons as well as the false justifications Europeans used to colonize the continent. One of the themes the documentary covers was the false pretenses that Europeans claimed to justify the Colonization of Africa. During the early 20th century (1900’s), Northern and Eastern Africa still had a pervasive slave culture. In the North, the remnants of the Otto man Empire still practiced slavery, while the Muslims were the responsible figureheads in the East.Following the centuries of trans-Atlantic slave trade between Europe, Africa, and the â€Å"New World†, Europe had abolished the practicing of slavery. In 1884, the European powers that be called for the â€Å"Berlin Conference’’. Part of the conference was to organize â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†. The term was used to describe the West’s desire to introduce themselves as administrators of the African continent. One of the justifications for the conference/European’s colonialism, was that the West had â€Å"a duty† to end the barbarism of slavery still existing on the continent through the West’s new found morality.Part of the European’s plan for administration was also the fragmenting of Africa with artificial political boundaries. While this â€Å"organized† Africa in a convenient matter for the Europeans, it le d to ethnic divisions/rivalries that are still in existence today. One of the injustices of the Berlin Conference was that there were no African leaders invited to the conference; how could Europe be making such important, influential decisions about a continent’s future, without consulting the people of that continent?The answer; while Europe had abolished slavery, the racism dating back to the days of slavery still existed. The conference in reality had no intention of freeing Africa of its negatives, but instead, exploited the circumstances/situations of Africa to fuel the European commercial machine. One of the overlying themes to which Europeans, again, falsely the justified colonization of Africa, was through the concept of the â€Å"Duel Mandate†. The philosophy/idea/phrase was created by English colonial military ruler Lord Frederick Lugard.In a written testimony Lugard rationalizes colonizing Africa by claiming to utilize the continent’s resources in or der to fuel European commercialization as well as facilitate Africa’s modernization. The first half of the equation did come to fruition; Europe conveniently gained access to African’s resources (first pre-colonialism through slaves and gold, then later with mineral based resources during colonization). However, European’s modernization of Africa was merely surface level.Africa was given infrastructure (roads), skyscrape-esque buildings, commercial items (clothes, recreational technologies); but the African continent was not given the means for long term industrialization to keep up with the global economy. What does Africa benefit from having Western fashion? Africa has large-scale downtowns, and business sectors, but what is the purpose when these buildings/businesses are powered by faulty electricity? The vessels of modernization were left by Europeans, but there was no functionality or means of using the vessels for modernization.While the West was industria lizing, Africa was being fed a message of false growth. Africa never had a chance to develop a means of self-creation/production in the 20th century. A perfect example of this was cited in the film. The West African country of Liberia is a large exporter of the raw material for rubber, which is a major commercial commodity in the global economy. However, Liberia itself does not have the means to convert the raw materials into the final product, meaning the country has to import (purchase) finished rubber from outside countries.Was not part of the White Man’s burden and part of the Dual Mandate, to uplift Africa through use of its own resources? How is it that one of the richest continents with regards to natural resources could not take the next step towards mechanization/commercialization with the aid of the West? Again, the emphatic answer is that the West had no intention of aiding the continent in the first place. The economic shackles of colonialism were a pre-meditated, calculated attack on the development of Africa during the turn into the twentieth century.The lasting outcome has left Africa crippled even now in modern times. With slavery, Africa already became under populated destroying a large potential for human development/advancement; colonialism than hampered any immediate potential for industrial advancement in the continent. Now, modern day Africa’s urban areas/capitals have the appearance of advanced societies but are barely functional/beneficial as useful tools for everyday use (as Mazrui says, the buildings’ functions are â€Å"quenched†).What is even more disturbing is the similar behaviors exhibited by Asian countries (specifically) China in modern day Africa through a sort of â€Å"neo-colonialism†. Various reports detail foreign Asian workers entering African countries to build infrastructure (roads, pipelines, hospitals, etc. ). In actuality, these foreign influences are building conduits to ship mater ials back to their own coutnry. Tools of Exploitation not only chronicled the economic handicaps and lies that fueled colonialism in 1900’s; the film also describes a similar blueprint that modern emerging powers are beginning to employ as well

Essay On Of Mice And Men Essays - English-language Films, Films

Essay On Of Mice And Men Essays - English-language Films, Films Essay on "Of Mice and Men" In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses stereotypes and discrimination to convey a message of how the characters feel. A lot of the stereotypes and clich?s are just common beliefs of the times, but a few are situational. To quote a quite distinguished reader, "Characters are ?trapped?- either by what others think of them, or by their situation." A lot of the character?s feelings about themselves and what others think of them will lead to loneliness. Crooks is a character who is mistreated in many ways because he is black. Crooks is the stable buck of the barn. It?s not certain whether Crooks is his name, or his nickname, but we know he got kicked in the back by a horse and had a crooked back ever since. Nevertheless he gets yelled at by the boss every time something?s wrong. " ?The boss gives him hell when he?s mad. But the stable buck don?t give a damn about that,? " says Candy, p.32. Crooks also isn?t allowed in the bunk houses because people say he stinks. Crooks talks with Lennie in the book, "Crooks laughed again. ?A guy can talk to you an? be sure you won?t go blabbin?." p.78. This most likely makes Crooks feel not wanted at all, Which roots to loneliness. Lennie is not so much stereotyped, but rather trapped because of his size. Because Lennie is so big, Curley thinks he has to prove something by beating up Lennie. Lennie gets on Curley?s bad side when he didn?t do anything wrong. Lennie is then forced to fight. " ?I don?t want no trouble,? he said plaintively. ?Don?t let him sock me, George.? " p.32. This is not an everyday discrimination like racism. It?s one of those circumstantial incidents that was described in quote in the introduction. This is an excellent example of how John Steinbeck uses extraordinary circumstances to create appeal and realism to the reader. Curley?s wife is probably the most loathed on the ranch. Because of the way she looks and acts, people think she is easy, or a "tart". " ?Jesus, what a tramp,? he said. ?So that?s what Curley picks for a wife.? " said George, p.35. She just wants someone to talk to. Guys on the ranch don?t like her because they think she?ll get them in trouble. They make judgments without getting to know her first. Curley, her husband, doesn?t trust her with the other ranch hands. She was just out of place on that ranch, And because of that, must have been a real lonely person with lonely feelings. George is stereotyped in a mild, but serious way. People think that because of the way he keeps Lennie out of trouble and travels with him, George is taking his pay from him. " ?Say?what you sellin ?Huh I said what stake you got in this guy? You takin? his pay away from him " said the Boss in the beginning of the book, p.25. This is another unusual stereotype. Because it seems like nothing, the reader doesn?t get it unless they think about it. It sounds like no big deal at first, but to be called a liar and a cheat is a very heavy feeling to bear. Stereotypes make up a lot of this novel. If someone took out the stereotypical statements, the symbolism and "the dream", what they?d have left are page numbers. Grade Received on Report : 96%

Effects of Carbon Monoxide on the Body

Effects of Carbon Monoxide on the Body Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and toxic gas produced as a bys of carbon monoxide producing devices commonly in use around the home include: Fuel fired furnaces (non-electric)Gas water heatersFireplaces and woodstovesGas stovesGas dryersCharcoal grillsLawnmowers, snowblowers and other yard equipmentAutomobiles Medical Effects of Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide inhibits the bloods ability to carry oxygen to body tissues including vital organs such as the heart and brain. When CO is inhaled, it combines with the oxygen carrying hemoglobin of the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). Once combined with the hemoglobin, that hemoglobin is no longer available for transporting oxygen. How quickly the carboxyhemoglobin builds up is a factor of the concentration of the gas being inhaled (measured in parts per million or PPM) and the duration of the exposure. Compounding the effects of the exposure is the long half-life of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. Half-life is a measure of how quickly levels return to normal. The half-life of carboxyhemoglobin is approximately 5 hours. This means that for a given exposure level, it will take about 5 hours for the level of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood to drop to half its current level after the exposure is terminated. Symptoms Associated With a Given Concentration of COHb 10% COHb - No symptoms. Heavy smokers can have as much as 9% COHb. 15% COHb - Mild headache. 25% COHb - Nausea and serious headache. Fairly quick recovery after treatment with oxygen and/or fresh air. 30% COHb - Symptoms intensify. Potential for long term effects especially in the case of infants, children, the elderly, victims of heart disease and pregnant women. 45% COHb - Unconsciousness 50% COHb - Death Since one cant easily measure COHb levels outside of a medical environment, CO toxicity levels are usually expressed in airborne concentration levels (PPM) and duration of exposure. Expressed in this way, symptoms of exposure can be stated as in the Symptoms Associated With a Given Concentration of CO Over Time table below. As can be seen from the table, the symptoms vary widely based on exposure level, duration and the general health and age on an individual. Also note the one recurrent theme that is most significant in the recognition of carbon monoxide poisoning - headache, dizziness and nausea. These flu like symptoms are often mistaken for a real case of the flu and can result in delayed or misdiagnosed treatment. When experienced in conjunction with the sounding of a carbon monoxide detector, these symptoms are the best indicator that a potentially serious buildup of carbon monoxide exists. Symptoms Associated With a Given Concentration of CO Over Time PPM CO Time Symptoms 35 8 hours Maximum exposure allowed by OSHA in the workplace over an eight hour period. 200 2-3 hours Mild headache, fatigue, nausea and dizziness. 400 1-2 hours Serious headache-other symptoms intensify. Life threatening after 3 hours. 800 45 minutes Dizziness, nausea and convulsions. Unconscious within 2 hours. Death within 2-3 hours. 1600 20 minutes Headache, dizziness and nausea. Death within 1 hour. 3200 5-10 minutes Headache, dizziness and nausea. Death within 1 hour. 6400 1-2 minutes Headache, dizziness and nausea. Death within 25-30 minutes. 12,800 1-3 minutes Death Source: Copyright 1995, H. Brandon Guest and Hamel Volunteer Fire DepartmentRights to reproduce granted provided copyright information and this statement included in their entirety. This document provided for informational purposes only. No warranty with respect to suitability for use expressed or implied.

Manufacture and Marketing of a New Computer Essay

Manufacture and Marketing of a New Computer - Essay Example The time period for each activity is estimated based on available data. A network model is established to show the relationship among the activities which will be used in computing for the critical path. The critical path is computed by means of the Critical Path Method (CPM). CPM is important because it determines the critical and noncritical activities which will be helpful in project planning and management (Hillier 417). As shown in Diagram 1, product benchmarking comes first because, in order to come up with a good design, the company should first analyze the attributes of the existing computer products in the market. From the data that will be gathered, software and hardware design should be done next. The detailed drawing should be done after all the designs are made in order to set the appropriate dimensions and features of the computer that will be manufactured. Preparation of the prototype and marketing plan can be done at the same time because they deal with different aspects of the product and may not affect the performance of each other for the entire project duration. Lastly, technical manuals should only be done after testing the product to ensure that the manual will be correct and will be based on the product’s true function and attributes. The duration of the critical path determines the total duration of the entire project. Based on Table 1, the project will be completed in 270 working days. Therefore in order to complete the project on January 19, 2009, the project should be started on December 26, 2007. Working days exclude weekends and legal federal holidays. All the critical activities are shaded in Table 1. This means that these activities are the most important tasks in the project and therefore must be done on schedule. Noncritical activities are designing software, developing a marketing plan, training of sales representatives and advertising.  

Congenital Heart Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Congenital Heart Disease - Essay Example These are: congenital heart disease in the babys mother or father; congenital heart disease in the babys brother or sister; diabetes in the mother; German measles, toxoplasmosis (an infection that is passed through contact with cat feces), or HIV infection in the mother; the mothers use of alcohol during pregnancy; the mothers use of cocaine or other drugs during pregnancy; and the mothers use of certain over-the-counter and prescription medicines during pregnancy. It should be noted though, that the presence of any one or more of these factors will not absolutely result to the disease. Likewise, the absence of these factors does not assure a pregnant woman that her baby will be safe from any congenital heart disorders, which might be an important point to consider when a woman is pregnant. All safety measures should be observed all throughout the pregnancy as there is no single identifiable factor in contracting life-threatening diseases such as this. This also leads us to the impor tance of having a thorough knowledge of the subject, for one can never be too sure if one of the members of the family will suffer from such disease. Knowledge on the disease might just be the best way to go about the situation when prevention is not so possible. The heart is a muscular organ about the size of the fist. It has two sides, separated by a wall-like structure called a septum. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then goes from the lungs to the left side of the heart, and is pumped out to the rest of the body. The heart is made up of four chambers: the right and left ventricles and the left and right atria. The atria, which are located at the upper portion of the heart, receive the blood coming into the heart, while the ventricles which are located at the lower part of the heart, pump blood out of the heart and into the lungs and the other parts of the

Sports Science - Journal Article Critique Essay

Sports Science - Journal Article Critique - Essay Example lete or soccer player, very few studies have thoroughly investigated the important correlation between a players maximal strength and his or her potential sprint or vertical jumping performance. A correlational quantitative research approach was employed in the study. Based on their findings, the authors observed that maximal strength in squat positions was a critical determinant of both the sprint performance and vertical jumping height in high level athletes and soccer players. They further noted that high squat strength did not affect the maximal oxygen consumption of the players (Wisloff et al. 2004, p.288). The conclusion was that Elite athletes and soccer players should always focus to improving their maximal strength during training with particular emphasis on maximal movement mobilization in order to enhance their sprint and vertical jump performance. This journal article critique seeks to identify and critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the article based on my personal judgment of the general aspects of the article, accuracy of the findings as well as its relevance to my field of practice. Written by the authors Wisloff, U., Castagna, C., Helgerud, J., Jones, R. and Jan Hoff, the article â€Å"Strong correlation of squat strength with vertical jump height and sprint performance among elite soccer players† sought to investigate the likely relationship between an athlete’s maximum strength and his potential sprint or jumping performance. The article is fairly well written in terms of the general aspects of their article including the appropriateness of the title, abstract, statement of the problem, data collection and analyses as well as the dissemination of the results. For example, the title of the article is not only appropriate and relevant to the concept under study but also contains the key words related to the study topic. The abstract is also fairly well written both in terms of its succinct overview of the main aspects of the

Americans Bias Against Muslims Essay Example for Free

Americans Bias Against Muslims Essay Orientalism, simply put, is the perception the West has of the East. The concept was mapped out by Edward Said in his book Orientalism, where he explores the concept, its origin, and how it functions. Said states that Orientalism is the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, [and] ruling over it (3). However, Said points out that even if Orientalism from the beginning was not a creation with no corresponding reality the concept he studies in the book is that of the internal consistency of Orientalism and its ideas about the Orient despite or beyond any correspondence with the real Orient (5). What Said is saying is that the characteristics drawn up about the Orient within Orientalism ar not necessarily compatible with reality. The Western eagerness to characterize the Oriental came from the desire to put a face to the unknown, becoming a political vision of reality whose structure promoted the difference between East and West, them and us, the familiar and the strange (43). Orientalism became a dictionary displaying the characteristics of the Oriental subject, characteristics that were fixed and unchangeable (42, 70). The attributes given to the Oriental helped strengthen the image of Western superiority and justified colonialism. The West was seen as superior to the East, meaning that it had the right to dominate the subject race, since it did not know what was good for it (Said 35). Irrational, depraved (fallen), childlike, [and] different,,4 (40) were words used to describe Orientals. Europeans then became rational, virtuous, mature, [and] normal (40), and the line between the two parts of the world was set; Europe (or the West) as the strong one and Asia (or the East) as the weak one (57). The Orientals were given the role of the Other, ruled by their emotions rather than sense, which made them crueller than the enlightened Western man (Barry 186). The role of the Other made ruling over them justified. The same method is still used by Orientalists today (Said 60), so the hegemony that makes the West believe itself to be superior to the East stays alive in both Western and Eastern cultures. Orientalism is written to explore how and why these ideas have such a central and fixed part in the mentality of the West (and East). In the preface to the 2003 issue of the book Said writes about 9111 and the following War on Terror in this way: Without a well-organized sense that these people over there were not like us and didnt appreciate our values the very core of Orientalism there would have been no war (xv). In this quote it is evident that the Oriental stereotype is still very much present in todays society and is affecting events in the world; Said even argues that the war in Afghanistan and Iraq would not be a fact if it was not for this stereotype. Although the role of the suppressed was given to the East, it was still, and is still, surrounded by mystery and exoticism because it was/is something so different from the West. Its exoticism made it hard to grasp and understand for Western society (Barry 186). It could be suggest that the contrasting images of the exotic Orient and the dangerous Orient are both images that exist in an attempt to make the ungraspable graspable. Even if these images are different they are sticking around because they provide an explanation. Said also points out that Orientalism is a three-way force that affects both the Orient, the Orientalists and the Western consumer of Orientalism (Said 67). Since the ideas of the Orient within Orientalism affect all three stages it makes it almost impossible to erase the stereotype that has been erected. The only way would be to embrace hybridity, which means accepting each others differences and looking beyond the man-made distinction between East and West (Said 5). After the 9/11 attacks it became even more evident that the stereotype evoked in Orientalism was not about to disappear, despite the new global society. Said gives an example of how an Arab is typically portrayed as a bloodthirsty, deceiving slave trader, who is a sadist and so on, in movies and on television (287). This image was not far away when the media, and politicians for that matter, started portraying all Easterners as bloodthirsty terrorists driven by non-rational thoughts (Scanlan 274). The fear of the unknown, of the suppressed rising and gaining power, of the Other speaking up, is as scary today as it was hundreds of years ago. These images of the East are what The Reluctant Fundamentalist explores, showing how deeply rooted they are in society and how they blossomed after 9/11. The novel tries to make the reader reflect upon this stereotype, how it might be wrong and why it exists.

Netflix Business Strategy Analysis

Netflix Business Strategy Analysis Introduction Netflix, a multi-billion dollar subscription service company, was founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in California, USA. It is said that Reed Hastings was charged a $40 late fine after renting the film Apollo 13 from Blockbusters and that this inspired him to set up Netflix as a DVD-by-mail service. It quickly expanded by introducing steaming media online and is now accessible in over 190 countries worldwide. In 2013 Netflix diversified into the content production industry and this foresight gave them the edge which paved the way to becoming the leader in the Streaming market, more popular than Amazon Price and Hulu. Following on from the success of its first series it is now estimated to have released in excess of 126 original series or films, more than any other network or cable channel. Currently, Netflix are believed to have approx 117 million subscribers worldwide and the company was recently estimated to be worth in excess of $100 billion(2). Market Structure Generally you can divide industries into categories according to the degree of competition that exists between the firms within that particular industry; Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly. Perfect competition is where there are many firms competing within the industry and each firm has a very small market share which in turn means none of them have the power to influence the price. Monopoly is where there is just one firm in a given industry so there is no competition which allows the firm to charge what they want. Monopolistic Competition falls in the middle, there is a significant amount of competition and there is the opportunity for new firms to enter and exit the industry quite freely. Finally, Oligopoly is where only a few firms in the industry exist and it can be very difficult for new businesses to break into. This fits the market structure of Netflix Inc. The reason it falls under this market structure is because there are very few companies that provide the same service e.g. Amazon and Hulu. Although the core principle of services provided by three companies may seem the same, they differ slightly in terms of the content they provide. Netflix has moved towards original content created and produced by Netflix themselves while Hulu is aimed more at current TV Shows and films from Hollywood. Another reason why Netflix can be classified as an Oligopoly is that there is a significant barrier to enter this market; capital investment. In order to provide relevant, popular content that will attract customers to subscribe, a huge level of investment in needed to acquire the licence to stream these TV shows and movies. For example in 2011 Netflix successfully secured exclusive streaming rights to The Walking Dead and it is said to have cost the company $1.35 million per episode making the deal worth $25 million at the time (based on the episodes available at the time) [1] Product Range Although Netflix’s product range itself may appear to be very small; TV Shows and Movies, they offer a huge variety of genres and use analytics to make the best recommendations for their users. They have created over 75,000 micro-genres in an attempt to understand how people look for movies. They took the genre description, broke them down to their key words, employed people to watch content and tag every aspect of it from director/actor/genre all the way to how it ends and the personality of the main character and categorized each quanta and documented it. This allows them to offer their customers an extremely personalized recommendation service to make their entertainment experience as seamless as possible. It also allows them to attract a hugely diverse customer base because they cover almost all genres. [2] Pricing Strategy [4] In an oligopolistic market the organizations have a shared control in the price of the product/service they offer. The largest firm in the industry has the power to set the pricing standard across the market. All other firms within the market will go along with this standard e.g. when Netflix increased their prices by $1 last October, Hulu followed suit by introducing a more expensive ‘ad-free’ subscription package which was more similar to Netflix’s offerings. They did however decrease their standard package price (with adverts) in an attempt to become a stronger competitor in the market. Because of the oligopolistic nature of Netflix Inc.’s, their price elasticity can be said to be relatively inelastic. This has been proven over the years from incremental price increases and the introduction of tiered pricing for additional features. It also allows users to add concurrent streaming on multiple devices.   Netflix Inc.’s current pricing strategy was first implemented in 2011 when they introduced a standalone streaming subscription (No physical DVDs included). They have three tiers of prices. It starts with their â‚ ¬7.99/month Basic Plan which allows you stream TV shows and movies on one device at a time in standard definition. It also allows you download titles to mobile devices. The next step up is the â‚ ¬10.99 Standard plan, allowing concurrent streaming on two devices in HD (also includes option to download). Finally the â‚ ¬13.99 Premium plan lets you stream on 4 devices at the same time in HD and UltaHD included in the download option. As you can see, each tier offers more features which gives the impression of value for money. On the Basic Plan you’re paying almost â‚ ¬8 for only 1 screen whereas you are offered Ultra HD and 3 additional screens for an additional â‚ ¬6 per month, this leads the customer to choose the higher priced package as it is better value.   Market With up to 118 million subscribers globally, Netflix has a huge volume of customer globally. Of these, over 54.75 million are United States customers but as this streaming giant drives forward and increases in size and popularity, their international subscription base is growing. This was evident in April 2017 when Netflix confirmed a licensing deal made in Mainland China for original Netflix content with iQiYi which is a Chinese video streaming platform owned by Baidu [13] Profitability According to CNBC, Netflix exceeded expectations by the addition of 8.33 million subscribers globally in the fourth quarter of 2017 which brings the grand total subscribers up to 118 million. The market capitalization of Netflix is now passed the $100 Billion for the first time Monday the 22nd of January after the release of their Q4 earnings. The EPS was announced as 41 cent which was in line with expectations done by a Thomson Reuter consensus estimate and the revenue reached an impressive $3.29 Billion. These figures have changed dramatically since the Q4 report in 2016; EPS was 15cent and revenue of $2.48 Billion. Although the revenue increase is welcomed, it will be reinjected into future investments on new content for 2018. Netflix says they expect this to cause a negative free cash flow of $3-4 Billion and will continue to â€Å"raise capital in high yield market†. [12] Core Philosophy [6] Netflix have reinvented the wheel when it comes to Rules of Corporate Culture. They value people over process and believe that their workforce is made up of great people working together as a dream team. This is all to create an environment which is flexible, fun, stimulating, and creative and allows employees to work to the best of their ability. They value integrity, excellence, respect, and collaboration and base their culture around 5 core principles: Encourage independent decision-making by employeesShare information openly, broadly and deliberatelyAre extraordinarily candid with each otherKeep only our highly effective peopleAvoid rules They also have a unique policy when it comes to parental leave and holidays. They recognize that having a child is one of the most special events in an individual’s life which is why they encourage new parents to take as much time as they need to readjust to their new life as parents. Their policy us: â€Å"Take care of your baby and yourself†. This shows that Netflix truly care about the wellbeing of their employees and want their vital team players to be at their best mentally and physically throughout the full course of their career at Netflix. The same rules apply for Holiday leave. They allow employees to take whatever holiday time they feel they need to work to the best of their ability throughout the year, be it one week or four week. The decision is in the hands of the individual employee. Along with this unique attitude towards creating their employee culture, Netflix recognize that they have the ability to impact the world through their work. â€Å"IT TAKES DIVERSITY OF THOUGHT, CULTURE, BACKGROUND, AND PERSPECTIVE TO CREATE A TRULY GLOBAL INTERNET TV NETWORK†. They pride themselves on their belief that we have to work from the inside out to create a space where all employees and voices are heard and appreciated. With almost a 50:50 gender balance and an ethnically diverse work force, Netflix are helping pave the way for equality for all in the workforce. [5] Advertising/Promotional Strategy of Netflix [14] Netflix use a very clever technique to determine what their customers want to see, they monitor illegal downloading sites such as BitTorrent and ÃŽ ¼Torrent for the most popular downloads and use this information to decide which content they should be bringing to their streaming platform. This content joined with ‘Netflix Originals’ are what attract customers to their site instead of the likes of Hulu and Amazon Prime. Amazon’s CEO Reed Hastings said in an interview that they strive to â€Å"make the big titles bigger†. TV shows such as Stranger Things or 13 Reasons Why are hot topics of conversation within many friend groups and discussion boards. This pulls in the people who haven’t joined yet because they want to join the discussion. Hasting says that â€Å"All their friends are talking about the shows, which is the dominant accelerator†. Together with this, according to theconversation.com, Netflix Inc. has adopted a ‘conglomerated niche’ strategy; they produce content catering to many different target audiences, for example, action series â€Å"Daredevil, horror series â€Å"Hemlock Grove† and exclusive films starring popular actors. By doing this, Netflix is able to service different audiences simultaneously and separately [14]. While these techniques are used to initially attracted subscribers to the platform, their unique recommendation algorithm is used to keep their subscribers happy and entertained. Their algorithm also knows what image they should use when making suggestions for example if you have previously watched more comedies than romantics, when suggesting a romantic comedy they will emphasis the comedy aspect through the actors or a snapshot of a funny scene instead of the romantic side of the firm. Their theory is that on a subconscious level you will be more attracted to the imag e and more likely to select the title. Share Price Movement Week 1(11th September): Netflix begins with a share price of $181.74 according to NASDAQ which is the starting point for this analysis period. It is a slight increase from a weekly high of $179 by the previous week end. This was following a pattern of stead increases over the previous two weeks, increasing by almost 14% by the 21st of September. Week 2(18th September): Following on from week 1, week 2 saw the same pattern of slight increases and decreases in the share price but ultimately increasing overall.   Week 3(25th September) [7]: On the 25th of September there was a sharp dip in price, loosing $9.50 worth of value over the course of the weekend. This was most likely caused by the announcement that 21st Century Fox was adding more content to their own streaming service. A similar reaction among investors happen earlier in the year when Disney announced it would be removing all their content from Netflix in the lead up to the launch of their own streaming serving which would cater to their own target audience. Week 4(2nd October): After seeing another slight decrease over the course of the week due to the Century Fox announcement, Netflix made a comeback by announcing that they would increase the subscription price for customers causing a significant hike in their share price. The statement made on 5th October resulted in a share price increase of 5% ($10) in a matter of hours, and by the end of the week (Oct 6th) it has risen to $198. This was an all-time high, according to Variety. This indicated that investors momentary wobble in confident has subsided and were fulling trusting that the hike in price would not impact the amount of subscribers but would instead increase revenue, benefiting them. Week 5(9th October): Following the previous week’s announcement, Netflix’s value remained relatively flat line with the exception of a few minor increases and decreases throughout the week. This absence of change was short lived as the momentum began to build again towards the end of the week. Week 6(16th October) [8]: This week sees a record high for the stock price. Reaching $202.68 on Monday the 16th. This comes alongside the news that Netflix are planning to spend up to $8 Billion on programming in 2018. According to CNN Tech, this came at a time when tech leaders such as Apple and Amazon were using their huge availability for resources to find original content to compete with the likes of Netflix Original successes such as Orange is the New Black or Stranger Things. Each of these has brought a huge volume of customers to the site due to its exclusivity and cult following of these shows. Week 7(23rd October): This record spike in the share value was short-lived. By the 23rd of October the share price had dropped below the $200 mark again after it transpired that Netflix were expecting to raise $1.6 Billion in debt to cover the cost of the original content they had planned for 2018. This was cause for concern among the shareholders but luckily it didn’t impact too heavily on the share value which only decreased by 5% or $10. Week 9(6th November) [9]: Although Netflix had gained 64% in value over the past year, the shocks lost more than 5% this week after sexual assault allegations were made against Netflix Original Series actor Kevin Spacey. The lead actor in Netflix own House of Cards came under fire which in turn prompted the firm to decide not to continue production of their hit show as the reputation and ethics of the company may come into question if actions weren’t taken. Week 10 – 16: There is very little significant increase or decrease to report over this period. Although there was slight movement up and down, for the most part the share price remained between $184.04 and $199.18. No major announcements or significant articles were published during this time frame that would have been disruptive to the share price which is why it remained so stable for such a time period. Week 17(2nd January): The firm begin to pick up some motion upwards again after a period of relative stability in price of their stock. This could be as a result of the buzz caused by an influx of articles listing the best of what’s to come in 2018. For example â€Å"the top 20 new and returning shows to Netflix† according to TV Time Week 18(8th January) [10]: Continuing along the pattern of steadily increasing in value day by day, by January 8th, shares have reached a new high of $212.52. This pattern in causing technical analysts to predict even further increases in the share value. According to CNBC TradingAnalysis.com’s Todd Gordon says â€Å"the streaming platform’s run is hardly done†. Gordon predicts, based on the Elliott Wave theory, that Netflix shares are set for another wave up causing their value to soar even higher. This prediction is ahead of January 22nd, the date on which Netflix are set to report their Q4 earnings which have a massive impact on the share value. Final Week: The final week in this analysis period is week prior to the release of the Q4 earnings. This week traders are expecting a â€Å"big move† according to CNBS. Up to this point in 2018 alone, shares have increased by up to 9.5% going from $201 on January 2nd all the way up to $220.46 on Friday January 19th. The release comes on Monday 22nd of January and, although is not included in the requested analysis period, it would be unjust not to report the impact it had on the value of the Netflix share price. Between market close on Monday and market close on Tuesday, shares leaped a massive 10% (rounded up) which amounts to an increased value of $22.71, but this impressive jump didn’t end here. Over the next seven days the share price increased to a staggering $284.59 by market close on Monday 29th. This amounts to a surge of almost $83 and is equal to a 41.5% leap in value. The Q4 report says that Netflix added 1.98 million U.S. and 6.36 million overseas subscriber s which was much higher predicted [11]. This along with fourth-quarter revenue of $3.29 Billion is the likely cause for the surge. Investor confidence has strengthened as a result of exceeding expectations and predictions. Conclusion It is evident that Netflix are a very successful streaming platform who have a great team of people behind them to drive the company forward to do bigger and better things. They have expanded and diversified enormously since being founded in 1997. Going from a DVD by mail and online streaming platform to having 118 million users worldwide and producing their own highly successful content. It is clear that this multi-billion dollar company is a game changer in the entertainment industry. Bibliography [1] Matthew Byrd, November 2017, 15 TV Shows That Cost Netflix A Ton of Money, screenrant.com https://screenrant.com/netflix-tv-shows-most-expensive-cost/ [2] Alexis C. Madrigal, January 2014, How Netflix Reverse Engineered Hollywood, theatlantic.com http://linkis.com/www.theatlantic.com/Sa5NA [3] Blog, fusebill.com https://blog.fusebill.com/pricing-strategy-tiered-volume-pricing [4] Netflix Streaming Plans, Help Center, Netflix.com https://help.netflix.com/en/node/24926 [5] Inclusion and Diversity, Netflix Jobs, Netflix.com https://jobs.netflix.com/diversity [6] Culture, Netflix Jobs, Netflix.com https://jobs.netflix.com/culture [7] Michael Sheetz, September 2017, Netflix heads for the worst day since November after Fox spooks investors, cnbc.com https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/25/netflix-heads-for-worst-day-since-nov-2016-after-fox-spooks-investors.html [8] Seth Fiegerman, October 2017, Netflix to spend up to $8 Billion on programming next year, cnn.com http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/16/technology/business/netflix-earnings/index.html [9] Sara Salinas, November 2017, Netflix dropped 5% this week, after rallying all year, cnbc.com https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/10/netflix-drops-five-percent-this-week.html [10] Annie Pei, January 2018, Netflix could surge another 20 percent, says technical analyst, cnbc.com https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/05/netflix-could-surge-another-20-percent-says-technical-analyst.html [11] Todd Spangler, January 2018, Netflix Blasts Past Q4 Subscribers-Growth expectations, shares soar to all-time high, varierty.com http://variety.com/2018/digital/news/netflix-q4-2017-earnings-stock-1202672341/ [12] Anita Balakrishanna, January 2018, Netflix jumps more than 8% after adding more subscribers than expected, cnbc.com https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/22/netflix-earnings-q4-2017.html [13] International Expansion, Netflix, Wikipedia.com https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix#International_expansion [14] Amanda Lotz, April 2017, The unique strategy Netflix deployed to reach over 90 million worldwide subscribers, theconversation.com http://theconversation.com/the-unique-strategy-netflix-deployed-to-reach-90-million-worldwide-subscribers-74885 [15] Netflix, wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix [16] John Lynch, October 2017, Netflix stock hits all-time high after price hike for US subscribers, businessinsider.com http://uk.businessinsider.com/netflix-stock-hits-all-time-high-after-price-hike-2017-10?r=US&IR=T